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Heart anatomy

Contents
Cardiovascular
HEART

Table of Contents

  • Heart surfaces and borders
  • Bibliography

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Heart surfaces and borders

Borders of Heart, हृदय की सीमाएँ, 心脏边界, Borders of Heart, Границы сердца, حدود القلب, Borders of Heart, Batas-batas Jantung, حدود قلب, হৃদয়ের সীমা, Borders of Heart, Межі серця, Kalbin Sınırları, حدود قلب, Biên giới của tim, ขอบเขตของหัวใจ, Borders of Heart.
AR Figure 74 – Heart: Borders of heart, Augmented Illustration by B. Leahu – MD. This image is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0)
  • Right border of heart: it is represented by the vena cava superiorly and mainly by the right atrium inferiorly (4, 6)
  • Inferior border of heart: The inferior border of the heart, which is nearly horizontal, is primarily formed by the right ventricle. (5)
  • Left border of the heart: left heart border describes the visible outline of the heart, including the curves formed by the aortic arch, pulmonary trunk, and left auricle, as well as the border of the left ventricle and the apex of the heart. (4)
  • Left surface of heart: This surface is directed towards the left lung. (4, 6)
Base of Heart, हृदय की आधार, 心脏底部, Base of Heart, Основание сердца, القاعدة القلب, Base of Heart, Dasar Hati, قاعدہ قلب, হৃদয়ের মৌলিক, Base of Heart, Основа серця, Kalp Tabanı, قاعدة القلب, Đáy tim, ฐานของหัวใจ, Base of Heart.
AR Figure 75 – Heart: Base of heart, Augmented Illustration by B. Leahu – MD. This image is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0)
  • Base of heart: It is oriented posteriorly and to the right. The left atrium mainly forms it. (1, 2)
  • Sulcus terminalis of the heart: It is a vertical groove that extends along the right atrium from the front of the superior vena cava towards the front of the inferior vena cava. (1)
Heart: Anterior Surface, हृदय: पूर्वमुखी पृष्ठ, 心脏:前表面, Heart: Anterior Surface, Сердце: Передняя поверхность, القلب: السطح الأمامي, Heart: Anterior Surface, Jantung: Permukaan Anterior, قلب: سطح امامی, হৃদয়: অগ্রদিক, Heart: Anterior Surface, Серце: Передня поверхня, Kalp: Ön Yüzey, قلب: سطح امامی, Tim: Bề Mặt Trước, หัวใจ: พื้นผิวด้านหน้า, Heart: Anterior Surface.
AR Figure 76 – Heart: Anterior surface, Augmented Illustration by B. Leahu – MD. This image is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0)
  • Anterior surface of heart: The anterior surface of the heart, also known as the sternocostal surface, is composed of the right atrium and predominantly of the right ventricle. (1, 2)
  • Right surface of heart: This surface of the heart is oriented towards the right lung, and it is formed mainly by the right atrium (1,4)
  • Anterior interventricular sulcus: It is a groove on the anterior surface of the heart positioned where the two ventricles meet. (1)
  • Apex of the heart: It is oriented towards the sternum, downward, and to the left. (1)
Heart: Inferior Surface, हृदय: अधोमुखी पृष्ठ, 心脏:下表面, Heart: Inferior Surface, Сердце: Нижняя поверхность, القلب: السطح السفلي, Heart: Inferior Surface, Jantung: Permukaan Inferior, قلب: سطح سفلی, হৃদয়: অধোমুখী পৃষ্ঠ, Heart: Inferior Surface, Серце: Нижня поверхня, Kalp: Alt Yüzey, قلب: سطح سفلی, Tim: Bề Mặt Dưới, หัวใจ: พื้นผิวด้านล่าง, Heart: Inferior Surface.
AR Figure 77 – Heart: Inferior surface, Augmented Illustration by B. Leahu – MD. This image is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0)
  • Inferior interventricular sulcus: It is a groove on the heart’s diaphragmatic (inferior) surface positioned where the two ventricles meet each other. (1)
  • Coronary sulcus: The groove surrounds the heart and separates the atria from the ventricles. (1)
  • Inferior surface of heart: The inferior surface of the heart, also known as the diaphragmatic surface, faces downward. It is composed of the ventricles and lies on the diaphragm. (1, 2)

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Bibliography

1.        Gray H, Lewis W. Angiology. In: Anatomy of the human body. 1918. p. 526–542

2.        Gosling JA, Harris PF, Humpherson JR, Whitmore I, Willan PLT. Human anatomy : color atlas and textbook. 6th ed. 2017. 45–58 p.

3.        Anderson, R. H., Spicer, D. E., Hlavacek, A. M., Cook, A. C., & Backer, C. L. (2013). Anatomy of the cardiac chambers. In Wilcox’s Surgical Anatomy of the Heart (4th ed., pp. 13–50). Cambridge University Press.

4.        Fritsch H, Kuehnel W. Color Atlas of Human Anatomy. Vol. Volume 2, Color Atlas and Textbook of Human Anatomy. 2005. 10–42 p.

5.        Moore K, Dalley A, Agur A. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Vol. 7ed, Clinically oriented anatomy. 2014. 132–151 p.

6.        Ho SYen. Anatomy for cardiac electrophysiologists : a practical handbook. Cardiotext Pub; 2012. 5–27 p.

The structure and organization of anatomical terms used in this text follow the guidelines provided by FIPAT (2019) in their publication: FIPAT. (2019). Terminologia Anatomica (2nd ed.). FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology. Retrieved May 7, 2023, from https://fipat.library.dal.ca/TA2/

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