Root of Pulmonary Trunk

Root of Pulmonary Trunk

• Root of pulmonary trunk: The root of the pulmonary trunk refers to the base or proximal portion of the pulmonary artery. It is the section of the pulmonary artery that arises from the right ventricle and gives rise to the pulmonary valve. It is supported by the right ventricular outflow tract. (1,2)

Pulmonary Valve

• Pulmonary valve: The pulmonary valve is one of the four valves of the heart and is positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. Positioned at the top of the conus arteriosus, it is surrounded by the right ventricular myocardium (1,3)
  • Opening of pulmonary trunk: The opening of the pulmonary trunk is the passage through which blood flows from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery during ventricular systole. (1)
  • Right semilunar leaflet of pulmonary valve: The right semilunar leaflet is one of the three pulmonary valve leaflets. It is named based on its position relative to the other leaflets. (1,2,3,4)
  • Left semilunar leaflet of pulmonary valve: The left semilunar leaflet is another pulmonary valve leaflet. It is named based on its position relative to the other leaflets. (1,2,,4)
  • Anterior semilunar leaflet of pulmonary valve: The anterior semilunar leaflet is a specific pulmonary valve leaflet. It is named based on its location. (1,2,4)
  • Nodules of semilunar leaflets of pulmonary valve: The nodules of semilunar leaflets, also known as the nodules of Arantius, are thickened nodular structures located at the centre of each zone of apposition where adjacent leaflets of the pulmonary valve coapt. They help to ensure proper closure of the valve during diastole. (1,2)
  • Lunules of semilunar leaflets of pulmonary valve: The lunules of semilunar leaflets refer to the crescent-shaped surfaces of coaptation located peripherally near the commissures of the leaflets in the pulmonary valve. (1,2,5)
  • Commissures of semilunar leaflets of pulmonary valve: The area where the margins of 2 leaflets adjoin with the wall of the pulmonary trunk. (1,2,3)

Sinuses of pulmonary trunk

• Sinuses of pulmonary trunk: Are 3 widenings located at the base of the pulmonary trunk.(1,3)
  • Right sinus of pulmonary trunk: The right sinus of the pulmonary trunk refers to one of the sinuses of Valsalva in the pulmonary root. It is named based on its relation to the aorta and is part of the complex structure of the pulmonary root. (6)
  • Left sinus of pulmonary trunk: The left sinus of the pulmonary trunk is another sinus of Valsalva in the pulmonary root. It is named based on its relation to the aorta and is part of the pulmonary root structure. (6)
  • Anterior sinus of pulmonary trunk: The anterior sinus of the pulmonary trunk is the third sinus of Valsalva in the pulmonary root. It is named based on its position and orientation and is part of the overall structure of the pulmonary root. (6)

Interleaflet triangles of pulmonary trunk

• Interleaflet triangles of pulmonary trunk: The interleaflet triangles of the pulmonary trunk refer to the areas of the arterial wall that are located close to the attachments of the leaflets. The interleaflet triangles are specific regions within the pulmonary trunk’s structure.(6)
• Supravalvular ridge of pulmonary trunk: It is the circular region that is situated at the level of the commissures of semilunar leaflets of the pulmonary valve. (6)

Bibliography

1. Gray H, Lewis W. Angiology. In: Anatomy of the human body. 1918. p. 526–42
2. Faletra FF, Pandian NG, Ho SY. The Cardiac Valves. In: Anatomy of the Heart by Multislice Computed Tomography. Wiley-Blackwell; 2009. p. 55–80.
3. Moore K, Dalley A, Agur A. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Vol. 7ed, Clinically oriented anatomy. 2014. 132–151 p.
4. Mori S, Spicer DE, Anderson RH. Revisiting the Anatomy of the Living Heart. Circulation Journal. 2015 Dec 25; 80(1):24–33.
5. Dauber Wolfgang, Feneis Heinz, Feneis Heinz. Heart. In: Pocket atlas of human anatomy : founded by Heinz Feneis. Fifth. Thieme; 2007. p. 222–8.
6. Stamm C, Anderson RH, Ho SY. Clinical anatomy of the normal pulmonary root compared with that in isolated pulmonary valvular stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998 May;31(6):1420–5.

The structure and organization of anatomical terms used in this text follow the guidelines provided by FIPAT (2019) in their publication: FIPAT. (2019). Terminologia Anatomica (2nd ed.). FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology. Retrieved May 7, 2023, from https://fipat.library.dal.ca/TA2/