LEFT VENTRICLE
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Left Ventricle - Trabecular Part, Preview from the app.
LEFT VENTRICLE
What is the left ventricle?
- One of four cardiac chambers
- Pumps oxygenated blood to your entire body
- Receives oxygen-rich blood from left atrium via mitral valve
- Generates high pressure for your systemic circulation
Position
Where is the left ventricle located?
- Primarily situated behind right ventricle when viewed anteriorly
- Forms cardiac apex
- Forms left border of your heart
INLET OF LEFT VENTRICLE
Inlet of Left Ventricle, Preview from the app.
What is the inlet of the left ventricle?
- Region where blood enters from your left atrium
- Guarded by mitral valve
- Also called left atrioventricular valve
- Ensures unidirectional blood flow
- Prevents backflow during ventricular contraction
Aortic Vestibule
What is the aortic vestibule?
- Smooth-walled portion below aortic orifice
- Leads up to aortic valve
- Streamlines blood flow from your ventricle into your aorta
- Reduces turbulence
- Enhances efficiency of blood ejection into your systemic circulation
TRABECULAR PART OF LEFT VENTRICLE
What is the trabecular part of the left ventricle?
- Inner ventricular walls with muscular ridges
- Extends toward left ventricular apex
Trabeculae Carneae
What are the trabeculae carneae?
- Network of muscular ridges
- Enhance ventricular contractile strength
- Finer and more delicate than right ventricle
Fine Apical Trabeculations
What are fine apical trabeculations?
- Delicate mesh-like muscular structures
- Located at left ventricular apex
- Contrast with coarser trabeculations of right ventricle
- Adapted for generating higher systemic pressures
PAPILLARY MUSCLES OF LEFT VENTRICLE
What are the papillary muscles of the left ventricle?
- Muscular projections within trabecular region
- Anchor mitral valve leaflets via chordae tendineae
- Ensure proper mitral valve closure during contraction
- Prevent backflow into your left atrium
- Two prominent papillary muscles:
- Superior papillary muscle
- Inferior papillary muscle
Superior Papillary Muscle
What is the superior papillary muscle?
- Also called anterior papillary muscle
- Larger of the two
- Originates from lateral wall of left ventricle
Inferior Papillary Muscle
What is the inferior papillary muscle?
- Also called posterior papillary muscle
- Smaller of the two
- Arises from inferior wall near septum
Why are both papillary muscles essential?
- Both essential for mitral valve integrity during your cardiac cycle
CHORDAE TENDINEAE OF LEFT VENTRICLE
What are the chordae tendineae?
- Thin strong fibrous cords
- Essential components of valvular apparatus
- Connect papillary muscles to valve leaflets
- Attach to mitral valve cusps
- Prevent leaflet prolapse into your left atrium during contraction
- Ensure secure valve closure
- Maintain efficient unidirectional blood flow
Chordae Tendineae Spuriae
What are chordae tendineae spuriae?
- False chordae
- Do not attach to valve leaflets
- May span between ventricular walls
- May connect between papillary muscles
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Gray H, Lewis W. Angiology. In: Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918. p. 526–542.
2. Gosling JA, Harris PF, Humpherson JR, Whitmore I, Willan PLT. Human anatomy: color atlas and textbook. 6th ed. 2017. 45–58 p.
3. Anderson RH, Spicer DE, Hlavacek AM, Cook AC, Backer CL. (2013). Anatomy of the cardiac chambers. In Wilcox’s Surgical Anatomy of the Heart (4th ed., pp. 13–50). Cambridge University Press.
4. Fritsch H, Kuehnel W. Color Atlas of Human Anatomy. Vol. Volume 2, Color Atlas and Textbook of Human Anatomy. 2005. 10–42 p.
5. Moore K, Dalley A, Agur A. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Vol. 7ed, Clinically Oriented Anatomy. 2014. 132–151 p.
6. Ho SYen. Anatomy for Cardiac Electrophysiologists: A Practical Handbook. Cardiotext Pub; 2012. 5–27 p.
